{"id":9376,"date":"2025-02-10T09:19:16","date_gmt":"2025-02-10T06:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=9376"},"modified":"2025-07-10T10:26:32","modified_gmt":"2025-07-10T07:26:32","slug":"%d0%b0%d1%84%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%8c%d0%b5%d0%b2-%d0%b3-%d0%b5-%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d0%b3-%d0%b0%d1%84%d0%b0%d0%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=9376","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0413. \u0415. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0413. \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d, 1907. \u2013 312, [1] \u0441. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f). \u2013 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9376\" class=\"elementor elementor-9376\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e3702bf e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e3702bf\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4505efb5 elementor-align-left go-back elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8299 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4505efb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cbaa70b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"3cbaa70b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\tlet backBtn = document.querySelector(\".go-back\");\r\n\tbackBtn.addEventListener('click',function(){\r\n\t\twindow.history.back();\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-278178a e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"278178a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7714e8df e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7714e8df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ffde82 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ffde82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM3NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcLzAxLTQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"4381\" height=\"6438\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9377\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4.jpg 4381w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4-697x1024.jpg 697w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4-768x1129.jpg 768w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4-1045x1536.jpg 1045w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/01-4-1394x2048.jpg 1394w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4381px) 100vw, 4381px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79a23f49 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"79a23f49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70856cc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70856cc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0413. \u0415. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0413. \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d, 1907. \u2013 312, [1] \u0441. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f). \u2013 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ada704a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ada704a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432 (1848\u20131925).\n<br><br>\n\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 XIX \u0432. \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 1906 \u0433., \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f; \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00bb, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f.\n<br><br>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.\n<br><br>\n\u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0432 1889 \u0433. \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 F. A. Brockhaus. \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 10 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434) \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435.\n<br><br>\n\u0412 1901 \u0433. \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0418. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0418. \u0412. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0412 1930 \u0433. \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437 \u2014 \u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fdf411e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fdf411e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0414\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443: 05.07.2021.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382da250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"382da250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440: 1\u0420\u0424258871.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541dc84f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"541dc84f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f9f321f wpr-promo-box-style-cover elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8126 elementor-widget-wpr-promo-box\" data-id=\"7f9f321f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-promo-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box wpr-animation-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-promo-box-link\" href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?cat=83\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-image wpr-bg-anim-none wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0440-\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.jpg);\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-overlay wpr-border-anim-oscar\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1016ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e1016ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542eb26e e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"542eb26e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6824e3ca elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6824e3ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a1.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM4MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcL1x1MDQyMFx1MDQzOFx1MDQ0MVx1MDQ0M1x1MDQzZFx1MDQzZVx1MDQzYTEucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"345\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9380\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a1.png 345w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a1-300x242.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61b17dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61b17dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, 35\u044545, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410 | \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b | \u0418\u043d\u0432 \u2116\u2026 | \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438!\u00bb. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7021bb e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7021bb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e7466 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"98e7466\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a2.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM4MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcL1x1MDQyMFx1MDQzOFx1MDQ0MVx1MDQ0M1x1MDQzZFx1MDQzZVx1MDQzYTIucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"241\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a2.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9381\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a2.png 450w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a2-300x161.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f058e31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f058e31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, 24\u044553, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440. \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0442. \u2013 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442. | \u0428\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u042f. \u0417. \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u0430. | \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u2026192\u2026\u0433.  | \u0412\u0445\u043e\u0434. \u2116\u2026\u00bb. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd9e33 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6cd9e33\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ae0a84 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4ae0a84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a3.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM4MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcL1x1MDQyMFx1MDQzOFx1MDQ0MVx1MDQ0M1x1MDQzZFx1MDQzZVx1MDQzYTMucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"242\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a3.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9382\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-731996a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"731996a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u044b\u0439, 20, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u0413\u043e\u0441. | \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f | \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 | \u0432 | \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0435\u00bb.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee4b22 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ee4b22\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b14be9a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b14be9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a4.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM4MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcL1x1MDQyMFx1MDQzOFx1MDQ0MVx1MDQ0M1x1MDQzZFx1MDQzZVx1MDQzYTQucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"392\" height=\"138\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a4.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9383\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a4.png 392w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a4-300x106.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7367277 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7367277\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, 13\u044554, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u0411\u0418\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041e\u0422\u0415\u041a\u0410 | \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a \u0411\u0421\u0421\u0420\u00bb. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e980533 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e980533\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8c1d82 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f8c1d82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a5.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6OTM4NCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2Jvb2tzLmJybC5ieVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDJcL1x1MDQyMFx1MDQzOFx1MDQ0MVx1MDQ0M1x1MDQzZFx1MDQzZVx1MDQzYTUucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"362\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a5.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-9384\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a5.png 362w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a5-300x133.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 362px) 100vw, 362px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cfc68f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cfc68f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, 15\u044536, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u0411\u0406\u0411\u041b\u0406\u042f\u0422\u042d\u041a\u0410 | \u041c\u0456\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0456\u043d-\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b | \u0456\u043d\u0432. \u2116\u2026\u00bb. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ad3a96 e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"24ad3a96\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56b1a553 wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-9339 elementor-widget-wpr-back-to-top\" data-id=\"56b1a553\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-back-to-top.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-stt-wrapper\"><div class='wpr-stt-btn' data-settings='{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;animationOffset&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;animationDuration&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;fixed&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;scrolAnim&quot;:&quot;800&quot;}'><span class=\"wpr-stt-icon\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M34.9 289.5l-22.2-22.2c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L207 39c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l194.3 194.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L413 289.4c-9.5 9.5-25 9.3-34.3-.4L264 168.6V456c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24h-32c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V168.6L69.2 289.1c-9.3 9.8-24.8 10-34.3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0413. \u0415. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \/ \u0413. \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d, 1907. \u2013 312, [1] \u0441. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f). \u2013 \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435.\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0413\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0415\u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0410\u0444\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0441\u044c\u0435\u0432 (1848\u20131925). \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0443 XIX \u0432. \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 1906 \u0433., \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f; \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00bb, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0432 1889 \u0433. \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u043c \u0418\u043b\u044c\u0451\u0439 \u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 F. A. Brockhaus. \u0414\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 10 \u043c\u043b\u043d. \u043e\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434) \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0412 1901 \u0433. \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 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