{"id":26141,"date":"2025-06-16T11:45:54","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T08:45:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=26141"},"modified":"2025-06-16T11:50:38","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T08:50:38","slug":"%d1%89%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b5%d0%b2-%d0%bf-%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b9-i-%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%ba%d0%b0%d0%b1%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d1%8b-%d0%be%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=26141","title":{"rendered":"\u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u041f. \u0415. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 I \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b : \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \/ \u041f. \u0415. \u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 : \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435, 1919. \u2013 62, [1] \u0441. : \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b.; 23 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u2013 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430)."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26141\" class=\"elementor elementor-26141\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff4b2a3 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ff4b2a3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcf8d0f elementor-align-left go-back elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8299 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1dcf8d0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49626f16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"49626f16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\tlet backBtn = document.querySelector(\".go-back\");\r\n\tbackBtn.addEventListener('click',function(){\r\n\t\twindow.history.back();\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54157cfe e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54157cfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35342a e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d35342a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3345984b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3345984b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYxNDIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2ExMy0yLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1422\" height=\"2274\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26142\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2.jpg 1422w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2-188x300.jpg 188w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2-640x1024.jpg 640w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2-768x1228.jpg 768w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2-961x1536.jpg 961w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-2-1281x2048.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1422px) 100vw, 1422px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ebd9a0 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"0ebd9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-26141 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0ebd9a0\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYxNDQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2ExNC0yLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjBlYmQ5YTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a14-2.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a14-2-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-158bfa9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"158bfa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f43c9e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f43c9e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u041f. \u0415. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 I \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b : \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \/ \u041f. \u0415. \u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 : \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435, 1919. \u2013 62, [1] \u0441. : \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b.; 23 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u2013 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67ec27c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67ec27c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0451\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 (1877\u20131931) \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 90-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b XIX \u0432. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f I \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041f. \u0415. \u0429\u0451\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 1825 \u0433., \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 XIX \u0432.\n\n<br><br>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.\n<Br><br>\n\u042d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588d5a04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"588d5a04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u04432139.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263a6986 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"263a6986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47bdfcf wpr-promo-box-style-cover elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-24864 elementor-widget-wpr-promo-box\" data-id=\"47bdfcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-promo-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box wpr-animation-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-promo-box-link\" href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?cat=97\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-image wpr-bg-anim-none wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0440-\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f-20.jpg);\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-overlay wpr-border-anim-oscar\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-853b5c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"853b5c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b8e67c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b8e67c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c498eb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c498eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-2.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYxNDYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2ExMy1cdTIwMTQtXHUwNDNhXHUwNDNlXHUwNDNmXHUwNDM4XHUwNDRmLTIuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"698\" height=\"290\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26146\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-2.jpg 698w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-2-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 698px) 100vw, 698px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a3716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2a3716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u0418. \u041a. \u041f. \u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0420\u042b | \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0418\u041d\u0415\u0422 \u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0420\u042b | \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u0412. \u041b\u0423\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e | \u0418\u043d\u0432. \u2116 \u2026\u00bb .\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15ea9dc e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15ea9dc\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b92c1f8 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b92c1f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYxNDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2ExMy1cdTIwMTQtXHUwNDNhXHUwNDNlXHUwNDNmXHUwNDM4XHUwNDRmLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"475\" height=\"361\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26147\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f.jpg 475w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a13-\u2014-\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f-300x228.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 475px) 100vw, 475px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9da78a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9da78a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b | \u2014 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e[\u2026] | \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432-\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0446. \u041c\u0435\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u2026\u00bb.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403ce12b e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"403ce12b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1767de wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-9339 elementor-widget-wpr-back-to-top\" data-id=\"d1767de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-back-to-top.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-stt-wrapper\"><div class='wpr-stt-btn' data-settings='{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;animationOffset&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;animationDuration&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;fixed&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;scrolAnim&quot;:&quot;800&quot;}'><span class=\"wpr-stt-icon\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M34.9 289.5l-22.2-22.2c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L207 39c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l194.3 194.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L413 289.4c-9.5 9.5-25 9.3-34.3-.4L264 168.6V456c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24h-32c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V168.6L69.2 289.1c-9.3 9.8-24.8 10-34.3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432, \u041f. \u0415. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0439 I \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b : \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \/ \u041f. \u0415. \u0429\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432. \u2013 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 : \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435, 1919. \u2013 62, [1] \u0441. : \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b.; 23 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u2013 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430).\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u0429\u0451\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 (1877\u20131931) \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 90-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b XIX \u0432. \u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f I \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041f. \u0415. \u0429\u0451\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 1825 \u0433., \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 XIX \u0432. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u042d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0435.\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u04432139. \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u0418. \u041a. \u041f. \u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0420\u042b | \u041a\u0410\u0411\u0418\u041d\u0415\u0422 \u041b\u0418\u0422\u0415\u0420\u0410\u0422\u0423\u0420\u042b | \u0438\u043c. \u0410. \u0412. \u041b\u0423\u041d\u0410\u0427\u0410\u0420\u0421\u041a\u041e\u0413\u041e | \u0418\u043d\u0432. \u2116 \u2026\u00bb . \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b | \u2014 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e[\u2026] | \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432-\u0442 \u041d\u0430\u0446. \u041c\u0435\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u2026\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"hide_page_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,97],"tags":[123],"class_list":["post-26141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1","category-f15","tag-k13"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26141"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26141\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}