{"id":26058,"date":"2025-06-10T14:25:12","date_gmt":"2025-06-10T11:25:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=26058"},"modified":"2025-06-10T14:30:06","modified_gmt":"2025-06-10T11:30:06","slug":"%d0%bf%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b2-%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%b2%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d0%bd-%d0%bf-%d1%84%d0%b5%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bc-%d0%b2-%d0%b4%d1%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?p=26058","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432-\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d. \u041f. \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043a\u0446. \u043e\u0431\u0449. \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb, 1907. \u2013 [4], 149 \u0441. ; 26 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \/ \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041d. \u0418. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0418. \u0412. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e)."},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26058\" class=\"elementor elementor-26058\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ff4b2a3 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2ff4b2a3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dcf8d0f elementor-align-left go-back elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8299 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1dcf8d0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49626f16 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"49626f16\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\r\n\tlet backBtn = document.querySelector(\".go-back\");\r\n\tbackBtn.addEventListener('click',function(){\r\n\t\twindow.history.back();\r\n\t});\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54157cfe e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54157cfe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d35342a e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3d35342a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3345984b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3345984b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYwNTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2EyMC0xLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1138\" height=\"1797\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26059\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1.jpg 1138w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1-648x1024.jpg 648w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1-768x1213.jpg 768w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-1-973x1536.jpg 973w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1138px) 100vw, 1138px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ebd9a0 gallery-spacing-custom elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-gallery\" data-id=\"0ebd9a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-gallery.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-gallery\">\n\t\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-26058 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><figure class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<div class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"0ebd9a0\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYwNjIsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2EyMS0xLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjBlYmQ5YTAifQ%3D%3D\" href='https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a21-1.jpg'><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a21-1-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/figure>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-158bfa9 e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"158bfa9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f43c9e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f43c9e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432-\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d. \u041f. \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043a\u0446. \u043e\u0431\u0449. \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb, 1907. \u2013 [4], 149 \u0441. ; 26 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \/ \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041d. \u0418. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0418. \u0412. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e).\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67ec27c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67ec27c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XX \u0432. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (1869\u20131908). \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u00ab\u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u00bb \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 XII\u2013XVI \u0432\u0432. \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.\n<br><br>\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430: \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-588d5a04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"588d5a04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u04438249.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-263a6986 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"263a6986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c:<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47bdfcf wpr-promo-box-style-cover elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-24864 elementor-widget-wpr-promo-box\" data-id=\"47bdfcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-promo-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box wpr-animation-wrap\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"wpr-promo-box-link\" href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/?cat=97\"><\/a>\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-image wpr-bg-anim-none wpr-anim-timing-ease-default\" style=\"background-image:url(https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0411\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0440-\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f-20.jpg);\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-bg-overlay wpr-border-anim-oscar\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-promo-box-content\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-853b5c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"853b5c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b8e67c e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6b8e67c\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c498eb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c498eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-2-e1749554890299.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYwNjMsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2EyMC0yLWUxNzQ5NTU0ODkwMjk5LmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"540\" height=\"288\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-2-e1749554890299.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26063\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-2-e1749554890299.jpg 540w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-2-e1749554890299-300x160.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a3716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e2a3716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e): \u00ab\u0411\u0456\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0430\u0442\u044d\u043a\u0430 | \u2026 | \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u042b\u00bb.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e42addd e-con-full e-flex wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e42addd\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-554dd99 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"554dd99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-3-e1749554963491.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjYwNjQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9ib29rcy5icmwuYnlcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA2XC9cdTA0MjBcdTA0MzhcdTA0NDFcdTA0NDNcdTA0M2RcdTA0M2VcdTA0M2EyMC0zLWUxNzQ5NTU0OTYzNDkxLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-3-e1749554963491.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26064\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-3-e1749554963491.jpg 620w, https:\/\/books.brl.by\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a20-3-e1749554963491-300x278.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61b23fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"61b23fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u0411\u0421\u0421\u0420 | \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b\u044f\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044b | \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0410\u0445\u043e\u0432\u044b \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044b | \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 | Instytut Ochrony Pracy | [\u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea] | \u2026 19\u2026 \u0433. | \u2116 \u2026 | [\u0433. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a], \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d \u2116 12-93\u00bb.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-403ce12b e-flex e-con-boxed wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"403ce12b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d1767de wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed wpr-stt-btn-align-fixed-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-9339 elementor-widget-wpr-back-to-top\" data-id=\"d1767de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wpr-back-to-top.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wpr-stt-wrapper\"><div class='wpr-stt-btn' data-settings='{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;animationOffset&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;animationDuration&quot;:&quot;500&quot;,&quot;fixed&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;scrolAnim&quot;:&quot;800&quot;}'><span class=\"wpr-stt-icon\"><svg class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-arrow-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M34.9 289.5l-22.2-22.2c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L207 39c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l194.3 194.3c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9L413 289.4c-9.5 9.5-25 9.3-34.3-.4L264 168.6V456c0 13.3-10.7 24-24 24h-32c-13.3 0-24-10.7-24-24V168.6L69.2 289.1c-9.3 9.8-24.8 10-34.3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432-\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041d. \u041f. \u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438 \/ \u041d. \u041f. \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u2013 \u0421.-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433 : \u0418\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0410\u043a\u0446. \u043e\u0431\u0449. \u00ab\u0411\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437-\u0415\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u00bb, 1907. \u2013 [4], 149 \u0441. ; 26 \u0441\u043c. \u2013 (\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \/ \u0438\u0437\u0434. \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0434. \u041d. \u0418. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0418. \u0412. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e).\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 XIX \u2013 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XX \u0432. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044f \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430-\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (1869\u20131908). \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u00ab\u0424\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438\u00bb \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433 \u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 XII\u2013XVI \u0432\u0432. \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430: \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d.\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u04438249. \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0435 (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e): \u00ab\u0411\u0456\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0430\u0442\u044d\u043a\u0430 | \u2026 | \u041f\u0420\u0410\u0426\u042b\u00bb. \u0428\u0442\u0430\u043c\u043f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c: \u00ab\u0411\u0421\u0421\u0420 | \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044b\u044f\u0442 \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044b | \u0406\u043d\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0410\u0445\u043e\u0432\u044b \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u044b | \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u041e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 | Instytut Ochrony Pracy | [\u05d4\u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05df \u05dc\u05d1\u05d8\u05d9\u05d7\u05d5\u05ea \u05ea\u05e2\u05e1\u05d5\u05e7\u05ea\u05d9\u05ea] | \u2026 19\u2026 \u0433. | \u2116 \u2026 | [\u0433. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a], \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d \u2116 12-93\u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26059,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"hide_page_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1,97],"tags":[138],"class_list":["post-26058","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1","category-f15","tag-k24"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26058","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=26058"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26058\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/26059"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=26058"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=26058"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.brl.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=26058"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}